What kind of techniques does "grappling" typically include?

Grappling primarily involves techniques that focus on controlling an opponent using various methods such as holding, positioning, and leveraging the body. This encompasses various practices alongside techniques that help in maintaining balance and positioning to gain the advantage in a physical confrontation. Grapplers utilize their body weight and positioning to apply holds, locks, and throws, which are crucial skills in martial arts like judo, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, and wrestling.

The other options do not reflect the core elements of grappling. Freestyle techniques like kicks are typically associated with striking martial arts rather than grappling. Heat techniques are not relevant to grappling and suggest a misunderstanding of the term, as it does not relate to any recognized category of martial arts techniques. Similarly, while perfecting kata is essential in many martial arts disciplines for developing form and technique, it does not align with the nature of grappling, which is more focused on real-time physical engagement and body mechanics rather than choreographed movements.